Trends may come and go, but Kung and Colombo say these ingredients have earned their place as mainstays in skin care.

Azelaic acid

Colombo says azelaic acid has anti-inflammatory properties that make it an effective treatment for acne and rosacea.

A 2020 review of acne treatments indicated this ingredient was not as effective as benzoyl peroxide, but about as effective as tretinoin when treating acne.

A 2022 review suggested azelaic acid was effective in rosacea treatment. It also indicated that off-label use of the ingredient helped with acne.

Colombo says products containing 15 percent azelaic acid need a prescription, but those with 10 percent or less are often available over the counter.

Kung says zinc’s anti-inflammatory properties make it an effective ingredient for treating:

According to the NHS, zinc can help speed up wound healing. Kung also notes that zinc oxide is a common ingredient in sunscreen.

A 2018 study suggested topical zinc was a promising low cost alternative to acne treatments like retinoids, and a 2014 review indicated topical and oral zinc could help treat rosacea and eczema.

A 2021 study of zebrafish suggested topical zinc oxide becomes toxic and loses effectiveness in protecting the sun’s rays after 2 hours of UV radiation exposure. Researchers called for care when formulating sunscreen with zinc oxide.

Before taking oral zinc, speak with a physician to ensure appropriate dosing.

Ascorbyl palmitate

Kung explains that this ingredient is a form of vitamin C. It’s used in skin care products to help:

An older study from 2013 supported the idea that ascorbyl palmitate decreased free radicals on the skin.

A 2017 study suggested that topical use of vitamin C had anti-aging (or as we like to say “pro-aging”) effects.

Vitamin E & C

Kung says vitamin E is a potent antioxidant that can protect the skin cells from free radical damage and strengthen the skin’s barrier.

It’s found in foods, like spinach and broccoli, as well as supplements and topical creams and serums.

A 2016 review of vitamin E applications in dermatology indicated that topical uses of vitamins E and C in pharmaceuticals are often ineffective. In certain situations, however, vitamin E can combine with vitamin C to reduce skin cancer risks and sun damage.

Kung agrees that vitamins C and E can effectively team up to protect the skin. She adds that zinc oxide, niacinamide, vitamin C, and vitamin E work well together in sunscreens.

Individuals should always speak with a health care professional before taking supplements. Too much vitamin E obtained by supplements may lead to a small but increased chance of prostate cancer in men, according to one 2014 study.

Retinol and retinoids

Retinol is an over-the-counter form of vitamin A, Kung explains. Retinoids, on the other hand, may need to be prescribed by a physician or dermatologist. However, Differin gel is one retinoid available over the counter.

Kung says they are often used for:

A 2017 review indicated support for using topical retinol in acne treatment, partly for its anti-inflammatory benefits.

A 2016 study suggested retinols have “anti-aging” benefits.

Kung says retinols and retinoids work to treat acne by exfoliating the skin at the cellular level.

Kung recommends peptides to patients seeking to slow down the visible signs of aging. These amino acids support collagen and elastin and can help achieve firmer skin.

A 2020 clinical study of 22 Asian individuals indicated that using peptides topically for 2 weeks may help reduce wrinkles.

Kung says using peptides and retinol together is generally safe and effective.

Better known as vitamin B-3, Kung says niacinamide can:

A 2021 review suggested niacinamide could help with a number of skin concerns, including:

Green tea extract

Colombo says social media is right about this trendy antioxidant. She notes that green tea extract can:

A 2019 review suggested green tea extract had anti-aging benefits and could protect against harmful effects of UV radiation.

Though Kung explains the body naturally produces the fatty acid known as ceramides, she says it’s useful in beauty products too. Ceramides may moisturize the skin and offer protection from environmental factors, like pollutants and extreme weather.

A 2020 study of individuals with eczema indicated that a cream or lotion with ceramides could relieve dryness and hydrate the skin after one topical application.

Hyaluronic acid

Sommerlad says this buzzy ingredient lives up to the hype by providing hydration.

“I recommend hyaluronic acid (HA) as it really helps keep the skin well hydrated which is key to a healthy skin barrier,” she says.

Kung says it can also help the skin appear plumper.

Why? Kung explains that hyaluronic acid traps water to the skin and attaches to collagen.

The body naturally produces HA to retain water to keep your tissues hydrated, but you can give your skin a boost by adding this ingredient to your routine too.

According to a 2021 study of 40 women ages 30 to 65 with signs of photoaging, HA was effective at improving:

It’s also known to help with wound healing, as noted by a 2022 review.

According to Kung, HA also works well with retinol.

Kojic acid

Colombo recommends kojic acid to patients who want to improve hyperpigmentation.

Kojic acid “inhibits melanin production, so it’s good for hyperpigmentation,” she says. Colombo notes that kojic acid is particularly beneficial to those sensitive to hydroquinone.

A 2019 study indicated that kojic acid was an effective treatment for hyperpigmentation when used in creams and lotions and could provide UV protection.

Tranexamic acid

Like kojic acid, Colombo says this ingredient can aid in treating hyperpigmentation. She says it’s also effective when used in combination with hydroquinone.

A 2019 study suggested that tranexamic acid and hydroquinone were about equally effective, but patients reported higher satisfaction and fewer side effects when using tranexamic acid.

Bonus pick: thermal water

Another ingredient these three derms love is thermal water. This mineral-rich water is derived from natural springs and may help improve suppleness, reduce irritation, and neutralize free radicals.

“Thermal Spring water has a lot of beneficial qualities,” says Kung. “I personally use spring water after laser treatments on my patients, and it immediately reduces post-procedure redness.”

It’s also been shown to balance the skin’s microbiome and support skin conditions like psoriasis and eczema.

Colombo recommends it as a soothing treatment after laser procedures to help cool and calm down treated skin as well as during airplane travel to help hydrate skin on the go.

This content was originally published here.

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